نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 دانشیارگروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 استاد گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction:
Considering the obvious similarities between the world of the novel and the social reality, among all literary works, sociological criticism focuses on the novel, which is natural. The great branch of sociology of the novel examines the way society is depicted in the novel. We can consider George Lukács as a pioneer in this method; from the beginning, he based the theory and sociology of his novel on the basis of Hegel's aesthetics. In the next stage, Lukács turned to Marxist theory and became the main founder of Marxist sociology as one of the most influential methods in the sociology of literature (Askari Hasankeloo, 2015: 21). In order to understand the depth of a literary work from the critics' point of view, it is necessary to review the reflection of the society's reality in the heart of the novel, and it is from this point of view that "Lukács, like Lucien Goldman, believes that the mentality of a novelist is formed under the influence of a certain social situation." (Goldman, 1992: 212). George Lukács formed the first unified system in the sociology of literature. Based on the close and dialectical connection between art and society, he based his analytical view on this field and based on some intellectual sources and scientific references, he emphasized that literature should never be separated from the evolutionary process of life (Lukács, 1994: 133-137). What Lukács believes is that the novel is not a 100% reflection of reality, but a reflection of it, and in his opinion, "literature is a small world that reflects the big world (the reality of the world)" (Shamisa, 2009: 291). With the emergence and gaining power of ISIS in the last decade, new themes were added to the field of contemporary fiction writing. The Arab countries' confrontation and war with ISIS also made its way into the field of fiction writing, and the result was the emergence of the ISIS lover Hajar Abdul Samad in Egypt and the lovers under the guillotine of ISIS Mahdi Ashtari in Iran; Therefore, this article aims to do a comparative study of the reflection of emerging events in two Persian and Arabic novels and examine the components of Lukács's sociological criticism in these two.
Methodology:
This research relies on the descriptive-analytical method to examine the social criticism based on the theory of Lukács reflection in the Persian novel Lovers under the ISIS guillotine by Mahdi Ashtari and the ISIS lover Arabic novel by Hajar Abdul Samad, and for this purpose, considering the characteristics of both works, in The framework of the American school is placed in comparative literature because this school crosses ethnic and national borders and looks at literature as a general problem and overcomes the historical relationships and influence of the works and pays special attention to the aesthetic dimension of the text and the relationship of the literary work with other sciences. has it; Therefore, what is the criterion of action in this research is not the influence of two works, but rather the reflection of Lukács' theory of reflection and the components of social criticism subset in two novels.
Results and Discussion:
This research is a new step in the direction of investigating the role of society in literary work. Considering the new nature of the ISIS phenomenon, it is necessary to examine its reflection and sociological criticism in the fiction literature of Iran and Arab countries and since it is a new topic and has not been discussed so far, this article seeks to apply the Marxist theory of Lukács along with the sociological review and criticism of these two works and to consider the amount of reflection and reflection and commitment of the author of two novels in two different environments regarding the social issues of the day, the contradictions and contradictions in the society regarding the case of ISIS in the two novels. Therefore, this article seeks to achieve these two goals: Analytical review and sociological and literary criticism based on the theory of Lukács reflection and social realism in the novels Lovers Under the ISIS Guillotine and ISIS lover and the analysis of how these two writers have been able to show the contradictions and contradictions in the society by using social realism.
Conclusion:
This research, with the sociological and literary analysis of the novel, topics such as social realism and its sub-topics: terrorism, war and bloodshed, Salafism, various issues, problems and disorders of the countries at war with ISIS, Iraq and other Arab regions below. It shows the oppression of ISIS to some extent and has carefully examined the position of each of the authors regarding historical events and various political, cultural, intellectual and linguistic currents that have emerged in Arab countries.
The comparison of these two novels has shown a new image of the novel in Iran and the Arab world and how they deal with the issues that affect the literary, cultural, national and social conditions of the Arab world during the era when terrorism, war and violence affect the world. has dominated, reflected and their characteristics and similarities and differences with each other are expressed in terms of their attention to social, literary and violence issues, and while examining the function of fictional elements, rewriting history from the perspective of a third world woman writer (in ISIS lover's novel )- which was not seen before with such an extent, is investigated.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
عنوان مقاله [العربیة]
دراسة تطبیقیة لِنظریةِ الانعکاس «لوکاتش» فی روایة عشاق تحتَ مِقصلةِ الداعش لمهدی أشتری وروایة حَبیبی داعشی لهاجر عبدالصمد
چکیده [العربیة]إن الثورة الحقیقیة فی علم الاجتماع فیما یخص بالأدب و تحوله إلى علم إیجابی کلها تخص بأعمال لوکاتش فی آرائه. وفی الواقع تعد نظریة "انعکاس الواقع" من أکثر النظریات الأدبیة للکاتب المجَریّ فی نقد علم الاجتماع.
الواقعیة هی أسلوب یظهر فیه هذا الانعکاس للمجتمع بأکمله. وجهة نظر لوکاتش هی أن الروایة لیست مجرد انعکاس للقشرة السطحیة للواقع. بل هو انعکاس أکثر صدقاً ودینامیکیة للواقع وینعکس فعلیاً فی شکل بنیة ذهنیة فی هیئة الکلمات.
یهدف هذا البحث إلى تحلیل تطبیق نظریة لوکاتش فی التأمل والأسس الفکریة فی الروایة الفارسیة لمهدی اشتری والروایة العربیة لهاجر عبد الصمد بطریقة وصفیة تحلیلیة، ویتناول تطبیق هذه النظریة فی محتوى قصتین عربیتین وقصة فارسیة. وتظهر نتائج البحث أن کلا العملین قد تحدیا الظاهرة الاجتماعیة الجدیدة بشکل جید وفی تصویر أحداث القصة باستخدام لغة الروایة، فقد استخدماها بشکل جید کأداة للتعبیر عن الشذوذات التی نشأت لظهور داعش. فی الواقع، تجنب کلا المؤلفین الإطار التقلیدی للنص، ومکونات نقد لوکاتش الاجتماعی بحیث تظهر نظریة الانعکاس واضحة فیه بشکل جید. وقد تناول اشتری التضاد والتناقضات الاجتماعیة فی المجتمع تحت سیطرة داعش، کما قام عبد الصمد ببلورة مؤشرات النقد السوسیولوجی ونظریة الانعکاس فی الغضب وجهاد النکاح والآراء النسویة وغیرها.
کلیدواژه‌ها [العربیة]
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