Metamorphosis of Women’s Presence in Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab and Ahmad Shamlou’s Poems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Kharazmi Univerisity, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

Al-Sayyab and Shamlou are two of the most prominent contemporary poets who, in spite of their love poems, tried to address the revolutionary function of women in their literary work. By promoting the woman's personality in this respect, they have detached her lover stereotypical face and have highlighted their revolutionary share and their ability to fight for liberation alongside men. Therefore, this research attempts to study the position of women in poetry of the two poets, and depicts their presence along with the changes that have been made in their personality. This is why categories such as struggle for liberation, accompaniment of solving human problems, and the escape of traditions are referred to as the most important constituents of women presence in the literary work provided by these poems. In Badr Shakir Al-ssayab’s poem, except for their traditional role, women are the symbol of the vanished homeland and sometimes represent the symbol of return to oneself. However, this linear trend in presenting women reflects well in the personality of those such as “Hafsa al-omari” and “Jamilah Bouhired” and reaches perfection. Al-Sayyab seeks to depict his revolutionary function in defending human freedom by matching women's personality with “Ishtar” and giving them Christ’s personality. On the other hand, in Shamlou's poems, women play an independent role in the social struggle. “Roxana” and “Aida” are models of revolutionary women in such poems. It seems as if the poet is looking for his soul-mate so as to enter the battle with her. The results show that the occurred metamorphosis, expect for the two poet's intellectual maturity, is influenced by the evolutionary process of Arab and Persian societies, modernization process, and initiation of humanity in contemporary thought and poem.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

تحوّل حضور المرأة فی شعر بدر شاکر السیّاب وأحمد شاملو

Abstract [العربیة]

یعتبر السیّاب وشاملو من أبرز الشعراء المعاصرین الذین اهتمّا بالوظیفة الثوریة للمرأة فی أشعارهما، هذا إضافة إلى ما أنشداه من الأشعار فی الحبّ. یحاول الشاعران إلى تکریم شخصیة المرأة وإلى إزالة الوجه النمطی عنها وهو أن تکون مجرّد حبیبة. بل یقوم الشاعران بإدخال المرأة إلى ساحة النضال إلى جانب الرجال الثوریین. لذلک، یحاول هذا البحث الاهتمام بدراسة مکانة المرأة فی شعر الشاعرین، ویصوّر حضورها. تُعتبر مقولات نضال المرأة من أجل الحرّیّة، ومساعدتها فی حلّ المشاکل الإنسانیة والهروب من قشرة التقالید، من أبرز عناصر حضور المرأة فی شعر هذین الشاعرین. فی شعر بدر شاکر السیّاب، تتجلّى المرأة کرمز للوطن الضائع، کما تصبح أحیانا نموذجًا للعودة إلى النفس. ونرى ذروة هذا المسار فی شخصیة «حفصة العمری» و«جمیلة بوحیرد». یحاول السیّاب تصویر المرأة کمناضلة بتقریب شخصیتها من عشتار. کما یضفی لها صفة الدفاع عن الحرّیّة بإعطائها شخصیة المسیح. کما أنّه فی آثار شاملو، تؤدّی المرأة دورًا مستقلاًّ فی النضال الاجتماعی. تُعدّ «رکسانا» و«آیدا» نموذجین للمرأة الثوریة. یبدو وکأنّ الشاعر یبحث عن شبیهته لکی تتحرّک نحو المعرکة جنبًا إلى جنبه. تشیر النتائج إلى أنّ التحوّل الموجود فی هذا المجال، تأثّر بتطوّرات المجتمعَین العربی والفارسی، وبتیّار الحداثة وبتأصیل الإنسان فی الفکر والشعر المعاصرَین، إضافة إلى النضوج الفکری للشاعرین.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الشعر العربی والفارسی المعاصر
  • بدر شاکر السیاب
  • أحمد شاملو
  • المرأة
  • الثورة

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 April 2019
  • Revise Date: 28 April 2021
  • Accept Date: 02 June 2021

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