Manifestation of Persian Culture and Literature in Contemporary Arabic Poetry (Study Case: Poems by Nizar Bani Al-Marjah)

Arabic and Persian cultures and literatures have interacted significantly throughout various historical periods, owing to the numerous connections between the peoples of these two regions. The influence of Iranian and Arab poets on each other's cultural and literary traditions is one of the most evident manifestations of this interaction. Nizar Bani al-Marjah, a Syrian poet, is one of the contemporary Arab poets who reflects the influence of Persian culture and literature in his work. This literary interaction is evident in his poetry, where he references renowned poets such as Saadi, Hafez, and Khaju. Additionally, he alludes to several historical cities and locations in Iran. The authors of this research employed a descriptive-analytical method to investigate Iranian characters and places in the poetry of Nizar Bani al-Marja. They also examined the influence of this poet on Persian culture and literature, identifying the most prevalent symbols of Persian literature within his works. Persian culture and literature, with its profound significance, have transcended geographical boundaries, intertwining with the heartfelt expressions of contemporary Arab poets. This fusion is beautifully exemplified in the poetry of Nizar Bani al-Marja. 
Introduction:
This article explores the interaction and mutual influence between Persian and Arabic literatures, emphasizing how they have enriched one another through historical and cultural exchanges. Persian literature, known for its rich content and exquisite imagery, has significantly impacted Arabic literature. Conversely, Arabic literature has also been shaped by Persian culture, with several Arabic poets drawing inspiration from their Persian counterparts and incorporating Persian elements into their own works. This research focuses on the Syrian poet Nizar Bani al-Majra, who is renowned for his fascination with Persian culture and literature. Bani al-Majra has composed works that reference Persian poets such as Saadi and Hafez, and he describes the city of Shiraz as a symbol of Persian cultural heritage. Additionally, he has alluded to various other cultural and literary figures from Iran in his poetry, seeking to engage his readers through these references. The research underscores the significance of comparative literature studies in comprehending the influence of one literary tradition on another. It points out that these studies can help identify authentic elements within a literary work and contribute to the revitalization of contemporary art. Additionally, the article emphasizes the necessity for further research on the impact of Persian literature on Arabic poetry, particularly in the works of Nizar Bani al-Majra.
This article offers background information on Nizar Bani al-Majra, detailing his education, career, and literary accomplishments. It highlights that he has received several awards for his poetry and has occupied various literary and professional roles. Additionally, it notes that Bani al-Majra advocates for the harmony between medicine and poetry, asserting that his scientific background has enriched his literary creativity. The research concludes by emphasizing the significance of studying the influence of Persian literature on Arabic poetry, particularly in the works of Nizar Bani al-Marja. It notes that such studies can help identify authentic elements within a literary tradition and contribute to the revitalization of contemporary art. Additionally, it highlights the need for further research in this area and discusses the impact of renowned Persian poets on the poetry of Nizar Bani al-Marja, focusing on Hafez, Saadi, and Khajoo. The research underscores how these poets have been celebrated globally and have inspired numerous writers, including Bani al-Marja.
Bani al-Marja's poetry reflects his profound engagement with Persian literature and his admiration for its poets. He has composed poems that pay tribute to these literary figures, incorporating their names and themes to express his love for the city of Shiraz, which is closely associated with them. Saadi, renowned for his simple yet profound language, is portrayed as a poet whose works have significantly influenced Persian literature. Bani al-Marja's poem "Nama al-Ghazal" serves as a tribute to Saadi, depicting him as a gentle gazelle in search of rest and peace. Additionally, Bani al-Marja writes about Saadi's impact on Shiraz, describing the city as a source of happiness and justice. Hafez, another prominent poet, is celebrated for his mastery of the ghazal form and his profound influence on Persian poetry. Bani al-Marja's portrayal of Hafez underscores his role as a guardian of the people's well-being, both spatially and temporally. Furthermore, Bani al-Marja highlights Hafez's distinctive style and his ability to encapsulate the essence of Persian culture in his poetry.
Khajoo is renowned for his poetic talents and his connection to Shiraz. Bani al-Marja's poem about Khajoo portrays the poet as a lion resting on a mountain of love, symbolizing his profound influence and the beauty of his verses. The text concludes with a depiction of Khajoo's tomb and the natural beauty that surrounds it. The research explores the admiration that Arab poets, particularly Bani al-Marja, have for Iranian cities and historical sites. These poets drew inspiration from Iran's rich culture, ancient monuments, and stunning natural beauty, which motivated them to compose poetry on these themes.
Bani Al-Marja, in his poem, repeatedly mentions Shiraz, highlighting his deep affection for the city. He praises Shiraz as a city of poets, springs, and ancient history, dedicating his work to it. The poet describes Shiraz's vibrant markets, unique beauty, and the presence of a member of the Prophet's family, emphasizing the city's spiritual and cultural significance. He also references Persepolis, the ancient capital of the Achaemenid Empire, as a symbol of Iran's rich cultural heritage. The poet portrays Shiraz and Persepolis as cradles of civilization, underscoring their historical and spiritual importance.
Mashhad, another significant city, is home to the shrine of Imam Reza (A.S.). Bani al-Marja captures the city's spiritual atmosphere, the devotion of its visitors, and the familiar faces of the faithful, creating a vivid and poignant portrait of the shrine and its pilgrims. In conclusion, Bani al-Marja's poetry reflects a profound appreciation for Iranian culture, literature, and spiritual sites. His works emphasize the influence of renowned Iranian poets such as Saadi and Hafez, as well as the lasting allure of cities like Shiraz, Persepolis, and Mashhad.