Comparative analysis of the dimensions of Personification and its kinds in Persian and Arabic poetry

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran.

Abstract

Personification is a kind of literary devices which is used in literary work for the creation of imagination and affection. Moslem rhetoricians earlier – in discussion on metaphor – have precisely noted that why and how it occurs; but they have not pointed to its derivatives. The experts of this field, repeating their ancestors and in affection of their western counterparts, tend to believe that metaphor comprises multiple types of personification. Our supposition is that we can find manifestations of personification and animism by examples from Persian and Arabic literatures in metaphors too. Conclusions of this research change the dimension of imagination and perspective of writers and critics of literary works and after that emerge the changes in classification and investigation of literary devices. As the results claimed, metaphor has capacity to reflex the animation and the most important kinds of it are: evident metaphors based on resemblance of things, plants or subjective affairs to human and animal.

Keywords


Article Title [العربیة]

وجوه التّشخیص فی الاستعارة التصریحیّة وأنواعها فی الشّعر الفارسیّ والعربیّ (دراسة مقارنة)

Abstract [العربیة]

التشخیص هو نوع من الآلیّات والصّور البلاغیّة یتمّ توظیفه فی الأعمال الأدبیّة بهدف إثارة الخیال والتأثیر، وقد سبق أن درس البلاغیّون المسلمون کیفیّة هذا النوع من الاستعارة دراسة دقیقة ولکنّهم لم یشیروا إلی أنواعها ومظاهرها. وأعاد العلماء المعاصرون فی عصرنا الرّاهن ما قاله العلماء المتقدّمون وأکّدوا أنّ الاستعارة المکنیّة بوحدها تشمل التشخیص بأنواعه متأثّرین فی هذا المجال بآراء العلماء الغربیّین، والمفروض فی هذا المقال أنّ هناک أنواعا من التّشخیص ضمن الاستعارة التصریحیّة یتمّ إثباتها بأمثلة وشواهد من الأدبین الفارسیّ والعربیّ. ونتائج هذا البحث تؤدّی إلی تطوّر فی نظرة مبدعی الأعمال الأدبیة ونقّادها، وبالتالی ستطرأ تطوّرات فی تصنیف الآلیّات البلاغیّة ومناقشتها. وقد خلص البحث إلی التشخیص یندرج ضمن الاستعارة التّصریحیّة، بل هناک أنواع من الاستعارات التصریحیّة من هذا الضّرب مبنیّةٌ علی تشبیه الأشیاء والنّباتات أو المعقولات بالإنسان والحیوان.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الأخیلة
  • الاستعارة التصریحیّة
  • الاستعارة المکنیّة
  • التّشخیص
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