A Comparative Study of Perspective in the Novel Umm Saad (Ghassan Kanfani) and the memoirs of Da (Zahra Hosseini)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Perspective is one of the most important elements of storytelling. It is the narrative through which the reader experiences the story. Based on this view two novels have been selected; Azat Hosseini's memoirs Da in related to Iran's sacred defense and Ghassan Kanfani's novel Umm Saad from the literature of Palestinian resistance. The purpose of the research was to analyze the perspective, tricks and techniques of the two authors or narrators and theireffect on the themes of the story and the research method. The structure of Da is in the form of biography, association of meanings, non-linear and documentary narrative. The structure of Umm Sa'd is based on a linear narrative that is narrated in two realistic and symbolic dimensions. The results showed that the methods of external angle of view in Umm Saad and the techniques of internal angle in Da are more comprehensive. Kanfani uses the inner vision of the first person of the author and the character of "Umm Sa'd" based on the techniques of inner monologue, hadith of the soul, fluid flow of the mind and types of external vision. While using these two tricks, Da also uses more in the field of internal vision, including dramatic monologue, and has less evidence in various angles of external vision. The common vision of the two literary narratives is the first-person view of the inner monologue, the third-person view of the narrative, or the elements of the point of view. In the present study, the authors have first dealt with the angle of view and its types, and then with the techniques of the narrator of the two stories.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

دراسة مقارنة زاویة الرؤیة فی روایة امّ سعد (غسّان کنفانی) ومذکرات دا (زهراء حسینی)

Abstract [العربیة]

زاویة الرؤیة، من أهم عناصر کتابة القصص. الرؤیة على السرد التی یفهم القارئ القصّة من خلالها. وفی نقد عنصر زاویة الرؤیة، لقد اخترنا قصّتین؛ مذکرات دا للکاتبة اعظم حسینی فی مجال الدفاع المقدس الإیرانی وروایة امّ سعد غسّان کنفانی من أدب المقاومة الفلسطینیة. لقد کان غرضٌ من البحث هو تحلیل زاویة الرؤیة ومهارات وتقنیات المؤلفین أو الرواة وتأثیرها على موضوعات القصّة. فجاءت الدراسة فی إطار المنهج التوصیفی- التحلیلی فی مقارنة الشواهد وتبیین المشترکات والمفترقات فی القصّتین. تأتی بنیة دا علی شکل سیرة ذاتیة، ورابطة المعانی، وسرد غیر ترتیبی ووثائقی. ترتکز بنیة امّ سعد على روایة ترتیبیة تُروى فی بُعدین واقعیین ورمزیین. فکشفت نتائج البحث أنَّ أسالیب زاویة الرؤیة الخارجیة فی امّ سعد وتقنیات زاویة الرؤیة الداخلیة فی دا أکثر شمولیة. فإنَّ کنفانی یستفید من زاویة الرؤیة الداخلیة الأولى للمؤلف وشخصیة امّ سعد بناءً على فنون المونولوج الداخلی وحدیث النفس وتدفّق العقل وأنواع زاویة الرؤیة الخارجیة. وامّا دا أثناء استخدام هاتین المهارتین، فیستفید من الزاویة الداخلیة لاسیّما المونولوج الدرامی، استفادة کثیرة، ولدیه أدّلة أقل فی أنواع مختلفة للرؤیة الخارجیة. انّما زاویة الرؤیة المشترکة للروایتین الأدبیتین هو المونولوج الداخلی من زاویة الرؤیة للشخص الأوّل وحدیث النفس والشخص الثالث للمسرحیة أو عناصر زاویة الرؤیة. فی هذه الدراسة، تناول المؤلفون زاویة الرؤیة وأنواعها ثم فنون ومهارات زاویة الرؤیة لراوی القصّتین.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الأدب المقارن
  • روایة امّ سعد
  • مذکرات دا
  • غسّان کنفانی
  • زهراء حسینی
  • زاویة الرؤیة

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