Editor-in-Chief Lecture
Abstract
امروزه دیگر زمان آن فرارسیده است که از پژوهش های تطبیقی با رویکردهای «سنّتی»، «تکراری» و «سطحی» گذر کنیم و در جستوجوی روشها و رویکردهایی باشیم ...
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امروزه دیگر زمان آن فرارسیده است که از پژوهش های تطبیقی با رویکردهای «سنّتی»، «تکراری» و «سطحی» گذر کنیم و در جستوجوی روشها و رویکردهایی باشیم که زبان و ادبیّات ملّی و به تعبیری؛ فرهنگ پربار ایرانی – اسلامی ما را به گونه ای «درست» و «واقعی» به دیگر فرهنگها و ملّتها عرضه و معرّفی نماید.
این آشنایی و به تعبیری؛ «حضور فرهنگی» در میان دیگر ملّتها در درازمدّت، برای ما دستاوردهای عظیم فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و حتّی اقتصادی به بار خواهد آورد.
Research Paper
الادب المقارن
Norooz Poodineh Bahri; Abdolbaset Arab Yusofabadi; Mojtaba Behroozi
Abstract
One of the important elements of the novel that constitutes its main form is the element of plot. The plot consists of a structure consisting of start, expansion, suspension, climax, untying, and ending. Knowing this structure allows the reader to experience the story well and understand it through a ...
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One of the important elements of the novel that constitutes its main form is the element of plot. The plot consists of a structure consisting of start, expansion, suspension, climax, untying, and ending. Knowing this structure allows the reader to experience the story well and understand it through a specific time process. Contemporary novelists, given the experience they gained from the new world, They found that in writing the story, the sequence of the plot structure could be broken and disturbed. In such stories, due to the abandonment of accepted traditions of art and the creation of new narrative styles, the events of the story are intertwined and the boundary between beginning and end is not defined. It also sometimes happens that the characters of the story invite the reader to implicitly play a role in the ending of the story. In the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to make a comparative study of nonlinear plot in the novel “Land of the Missing” by Elias Khoury and the novel “I am not a tiger” by Mohammad Reza Safdari. Given that in these two works, traces of modern and postmodern fiction can be seen; Therefore, the initial impression is that the plot of both stories is very confused; In addition to time confusion and lack of sequence in the retelling of events, open ending and inviting the reader to end the story is also used. Also, the novel Land of the Missing has a further collapse in the traditional order of the story.
Research Paper
الادب المقارن
Fatemeh Taslimi; Hossein Abavisani; Abdollah Hosseini; Hadi Nazarimonazam
Abstract
A post-colonial criticism approach is considered as comparative literature and cultural studies to analyze the colonial feedback in literary contexts and explore the component of the post-colony in the literature. This theory deals with the conflict between Eastern inferior and Western superior thought ...
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A post-colonial criticism approach is considered as comparative literature and cultural studies to analyze the colonial feedback in literary contexts and explore the component of the post-colony in the literature. This theory deals with the conflict between Eastern inferior and Western superior thought foundations and tries to show the results between colonialism and the colony. Ahmad Saadawi, the writer of “Frankenstein in Baghdad” novel, is among those authors who has put a high priority on struggling against colonialism. He depicts the consequences of the occupation of Iraq by the U.S. Army and his writing is considered as a complex allegory of tribal violence in Iraq following the U.S. invasion. Therefore, the analysis of this author’s thoughts is significant in postcolonial literature. The present result reveals that how the author could present the political, social, and economic effects in Iraq in a fictional novel by turning into the anti-colonial perspective. The author illustrates the feeling of chaos in his land and creates an imaginary character that has a fragmented identity. Saadawi endeavors to presents the effects of colonialism in its modern form by making this imaginary creature that aims towards the establishment of justice. This study written as the perspective of post-colonial criticism using the descriptive-analytical approach investigates the components of post-colonialism, such as Western centralization, moral issues, and identity fragmentation. Besides, this study highlights the reliance on beliefs and religion to achieve a former identity to oppose the belief in the superiority of the Western race and anti-colonialism.
Research Paper
الادب المقارن
Mahboobe Shamshirgarha
Abstract
Anis al-Moridin va Shams al-Majales and Bahr al-Mahabbah fi Asrar al-Mavaddah are the two Sufi interpretations in which Yusuf Surah, is described in a similar structure and content, one in Persian and the other in Arabic. as much as, Anis al-Moridin va Shams al-Majales is considered the Persian translation ...
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Anis al-Moridin va Shams al-Majales and Bahr al-Mahabbah fi Asrar al-Mavaddah are the two Sufi interpretations in which Yusuf Surah, is described in a similar structure and content, one in Persian and the other in Arabic. as much as, Anis al-Moridin va Shams al-Majales is considered the Persian translation of the Bahr al-Mahabbah fi Asrar al-Mavaddah. this article is written to check the validity of this view. a comparative study of these two works shows that they are similar in many ways, and this reinforces this view. They are similar in common structure, storytelling preference, interpretive method, simple mystical approach, common interpretive narratives, mystical anecdotes, points and allusions, as well as sequence of contents. however, some discrepancies between the two works indicate that they could not be translations of each other. Some their different aspects are: the fictional adventures, the names and actions of the sub-characters, the brevity of the events, interpretive phrases and explanations, poetries, anecdotes, mystical points and allusions. In particular, these two works, in terms of significant similarities in content and structure, are very similar to some histories and interpretations of earlier centuries, including works that have been written specifically in the interpretation of this surah. it seems that one of the similarities between these two works is their benefit from common sources. We can also consider that one of these two books is the main source for the other book. in this case, Anis may be the main source of the Bahr.
Research Paper
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Abstract
The literary works of imprisonment is dealt with composing poems in prison and describing bitter complaints as well as literary combat with the cruelty of the rulers. This is counted as one of the rare types of lyric literature both in Persian and Arab literature. Over time, this literary type has not ...
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The literary works of imprisonment is dealt with composing poems in prison and describing bitter complaints as well as literary combat with the cruelty of the rulers. This is counted as one of the rare types of lyric literature both in Persian and Arab literature. Over time, this literary type has not been significantly changed from the views of texture and context. Therefore, this hypothesis is emerged that it might have been exposed to obstruction. In the current research, four prominent literary works of Persian and Arab imprisonments composed in different intervals have been chosen. Then, the in common components of this type have been determined. For the next step, the causes and reasons obstructing its development analyzed based on an analytical-descriptive approach. The present research scrutinize a text from two different historical eras. The findings indicate that the obstructing reasons are mainly referred to the intertextual issues, equal compatibility, similar to historical pattern from static items. Moreover, this study has also evaluated the four main factors hindering the development of this type of literature.
Research Paper
الادب المقارن
Ameneh Forouzankamali; Naser Zare
Abstract
The combination of words in Arabic and Persian can be considered to be largely due to the semantic fit between them. But in The present age, with the spread of Deviations of norms, was formed a new type of it, which manifestations a semantic mismatch in the composition of words. This kind of deviation ...
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The combination of words in Arabic and Persian can be considered to be largely due to the semantic fit between them. But in The present age, with the spread of Deviations of norms, was formed a new type of it, which manifestations a semantic mismatch in the composition of words. This kind of deviation of norms or "hybridization" was first proposed by "Mikhail Bakhtin". This research tries to search for the effects of "hybridization" and its meanings in the poems of Muhammad Afifi Matar (1935-2010) and Ahmad Azizi (2016-1958) comparatively and using descriptive-analytical method.The use of unusual combinations in the principles of the semantic structure of words has caused the poems of these two poets to be full of original literary creations. This makes it difficult for the reader to understand the meaning. Based on the classification of different semantic Scopes of words in the works of these two poets, we found that the combination of natural phenomena and human coordinates has the highest frequency compared to other combinations. This has a great impact on recognizing the attitude of the authors and enriching the aesthetic manifestations of their poems.
Research Paper
Abbas Karimi; Vahid Sabzianpoor; Ali Salimi; Tooraj Zinivand
Abstract
Introduction
The basis of the current research is Norman Fairclough's model of critical discourse. Its function is to review the specific conditions in which the text was created. Based on this, the novel "Smell of Alvard" by Ehsan Abdul Qadoos and the story of "This street has no speed limiter" written ...
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Introduction
The basis of the current research is Norman Fairclough's model of critical discourse. Its function is to review the specific conditions in which the text was created. Based on this, the novel "Smell of Alvard" by Ehsan Abdul Qadoos and the story of "This street has no speed limiter" written by Maryam Jahani have been analyzed. The aim of the current research is to recognize the background of the two writers' thoughts in the shadow of Fairclough's critical model. One is based on his masculine thoughts and the other is his feminine elegance, against the imposed patterns of patriarchy in the society. By relying on the words of the text, Abdul Qadoos' attempt is to represent a society whose view, in general, towards women and especially towards divorced women, is a disordered attitude. After resetting the unfavorable conditions, the final goal of Abdul Qudous is to induce women's self-awareness about their conditions and then encourage them to participate and find a way to correct the existing situation and overcome the social crisis. On the other hand, the world story is a depiction of a society in which patriarchy creates obstacles for women to achieve independence and finally criticizes the passivity of women against patriarchal ideas. The current research tries to point out the resetting of women's problems in their mentioned societies by using two novels belonging to the contemporary literature of Egypt and Iran. The novel "Smell of Alood and Anf La Tasham" by Ehsan Abdul Qudous and this street does not have a speed limiter by Maryam Jahani is the product of two ideas from Arabic and Persian literature, which can be seen in the shadow of Norman Farklough's structure and model, the commonalities in theoretical foundations as well as the differences in ideas. On the way to reach the desired strategy of the authors, which will be mentioned in the research.
Materials and methods
Ehsan Abdul Qudous is one of the contemporary storytellers of Egypt. His most obvious literary feature can be counted in his critical spirit towards social issues. In the course of resetting his literary history, it can be claimed that he is one of the few male writers who, in the field of women's feminism; That is, the defense of their lost rights has had a hand on the fire, therefore, he has spent most of his efforts in defending women's rights, exposing gender inequality, and especially supporting the defenseless world of divorced women. Looking at the works of this Egyptian writer, we can see that the simplest way in his approach is based on the self-awareness of women in society. The second topic discussed in this article is Maryam Jahani and the analysis of her novel. He is one of the young and contemporary writers of Iran, whose novel won the 10th Jalal Al-Ahmed Literary Award. His purpose in creating the mentioned story can be seen as a kind of alignment with Ehsan Abdul Qudous because he also admits in his novel that the first step to get out of the shadow of society's threadbare customs is to think differently in order to reach self-awareness. The purpose of this method, especially in the analysis of texts and relying on its critical approach, is to reveal the hidden truths behind the text; Because the truths are not clear in the texts. After clarifying this importance, the point is why and how these facts are hidden behind the words of the text?! Discourseology actually wants to represent the socio-political institutions in the society
Results and Discussion
Among the most important concepts of discourse analysis is the concept of power. This concept is one of the most fundamental concepts among discourse scholars, which has always been disputed since the very beginning of the formation of the critical model. Although by referring to the course of its emergence in recent years, we can remove the veil of this difference, but this issue can also be the thread of the reasons for the formation of its multiple trends; Therefore, it is logical to examine the way of explaining its meaning from Fairclough's point of view. Basically, every text is created in special social conditions and always contains values that are considered in the interpretation stage. In other words, the premise of discourse analysis is that the ideology of the author of the text is rooted in his environment. Fairclough believes that the basis of interpretation is background knowledge in the critic's mind. In fact, contextual knowledge makes sense of the formal characteristics of the text by relying on three subsections of description, namely vocabulary, grammar, and text structure; Therefore, "the stage of interpretation will be the result of the interaction of the stage of formal description of the text (the same linguistic clues) with the background knowledge of the interpreter's mind." (Aghagolzadeh, 1387: 273) By focusing on the selection of the title in both novels, it can be claimed that both authors have consciously acted on the selection of the title for the story and based on it, they have started their critical policy from the very beginning. In general, it is possible to represent the common goal of both writers to represent the loneliness and oppression of women, but with the difference that Abdul Qudous constantly shows the unpleasant atmosphere of his society in the hope that his audience will choose a way to reset their position and from this path In a way, to act on self-awareness and self-action among women, but Maryam Jahani has displayed the image of a lonely but courageous woman to show her audience that it is necessary to constantly strive to regain the lost position.
Conclusion
Relying on linguistic techniques, the authors of both novels have been able to show the relationship between linguistic elements and the social conditions governing their society in relation to the position of women in general and divorced women in particular; In other words, the linguistic structure of both stories has special similarities that often indicate words with an ideological load, which can be used to reread the state and structure of thought, the attitude of women and their status in the societies of Egypt and Iran. The similarity in the approach of both authors can be seen in the use of targeted words. Abdol Qudous has criticized women and the challenges they face by citing the repetition of certain words, and in this way, he has not shied away from repeating the target words. Finally, the content of the discussed stories shows that both authors were involved in common issues, including important factors in the emergence and background of the crisis; Have noted.
Research Paper
الادب المقارن
Abdol Reza Naderifar; Bahman Mohammadi
Abstract
In this research, two novels "Asman and Al-Kharif" (1962) by "Najib Mahfouz" and "Dr. Noon loves his wife more than Mossadegh" by Shahram Rahimian (2001), are compared according to the similarities and thematic and structural differences. Therefore, the comparative research method in this article is ...
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In this research, two novels "Asman and Al-Kharif" (1962) by "Najib Mahfouz" and "Dr. Noon loves his wife more than Mossadegh" by Shahram Rahimian (2001), are compared according to the similarities and thematic and structural differences. Therefore, the comparative research method in this article is based on the American school, and the general research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the use of data derived from books and articles related to the research issue. One of the results of the research is that there are more similarities between the two novels in terms of content and the similarities between two novels in terms of form and structure are significant in the next step. The structural differences in two novels are due to differences in the style and general approach of the two authors. In general, Najib Mahfouz has a classic and conventional approach in this novel, but Rahimian has taken a modern and sometimes escape structural approach. Another point is that in these two novels, the political revolutions and their impacts on the life of the hero of two novels have been studied in two crucial moments in the history of two countries.
Public Titles
Vahid Sabzianpoor; Narges Rashidi
Abstract
اسدی طوسی یکی از شاعران بزرگ عرصۀ ادبیات تعلیمی است. یکی از آثار وی که اندرزهای حکمی و اخلاقی زیادی در آن یافت میشود، حماسۀ گرشاسبنامه است که میزان حضور اشعار حکمی ...
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اسدی طوسی یکی از شاعران بزرگ عرصۀ ادبیات تعلیمی است. یکی از آثار وی که اندرزهای حکمی و اخلاقی زیادی در آن یافت میشود، حماسۀ گرشاسبنامه است که میزان حضور اشعار حکمی و اندرزی آن، برجستهتر از سایر جنبهها چون حماسه، اسطوره و رزم پهلوانانی مانند گرشاسب و نریمان یا عجایب بر وبحر است و سرشار از آموزههای دینی، اخلاقی، اجتماعی، علم تدبیر منزل و سیاست مدُن و.. است.
