Gender Socialization and the Conflict between Male and Female Linguistic Substructures in Persian and Arabic Poetry (Based on Abdollah Ghazami’s Critical Attitude)

Parvaneh, Ali; Salimi, Ali; Zinivand, Torag; Hemati, Shahriar

doi:10.22126/jccl.2019.1251.1451

Gender Socialization and the Conflict between Male and Female Linguistic Substructures in Persian and Arabic Poetry (Based on Abdollah Ghazami’s Critical Attitude)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Graduated of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

² Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

³ Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22126/jccl.2019.1251.1451

Abstract

Literature has got a social and cultural meaning as all human intellectual and spiritual activities do. The literature of every nation has, therefore, always undergone a change in parallel with the vicissitudes of the society and it accordingly has become the real symbol of the society.
There are many parallels and similarities between Arabic and Persian poetry, The need to implement a cash position Ghzamy between literature is required. The study, which was conducted with analytical method Is trying to tell other common points between the two letters from the angle.
This comparative study shows that Arabic and Persian poetries have from the outset been the arena of conflict between male and female linguistic substructures. In the classical period, however, the patriarchal and male language was predominant and the female language the missing longing of the poetry. And if, with such cultural restrictions and the prevailing poetic language of the time, a few females tried to attempt tackling poetry, they, consequently, had no way but writing poem in male language. Owing to having relation with the West and consequently knowing its movements and obtaining more liberty, women of the contemporary era found an opportunity to gain an understanding of their own situation and consequently played a more indispensible role in the social and cultural activities. With the emergence of women in the arena of poetry, the poetic language of Persian and Arabic literature lost its classical loftiness and patriarchy and it in accordance with acquiring female linguistic features took a more conspicuous tinge of softness, elegance and flexibility. Nazok Mlaekeh and Forough Farokhzad were the founders of female linguistic substructures of poetry and therefore attempted consciously to express female emotions in poetry.
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Keywords

20.1001.1.26766515.1400.11.1.3.6

Article Title [العربیة]

التنشئة الإجتماعیة و صراع الأنساق اللغویة المذکرة و المؤنثة فی الشعر الفارسی و العربی (علی اساس موقف عبدالله غذامی النقدیة)

Abstract [العربیة]

الأدب کفنٍ یؤدی دوره بطرق مختلفة فی حیاة الإنسان و له هدف و منظور اجتماعی و ثقافی ککل أعمال الفکریة و المعنویة آخر للإنسان. علی هذا، لایزال اصیب بالتحول مع التحولات التی تحدث فی المجتمع. بإستعانة دراسة آداب الأمم یمکن أن یشاهد تأثرها من مقولة الجنسیة واللغة والثقافة.
تلزم مواقف المشترکة الکثیرة بین الأدبینِ الفارسی والعربی، ضرورة دراسة وتطبیق موقف غذامی النقدیة. یهدف هذا المقال الذی تمّ دراسته بالأسلوب التحلیلیة والتوصیفیة، أن یتذکر مرایا للالتقاء والارتقاء بین الأدبین من الموقف الأخری. تبیّن هذه الدراسة أنَّ الشعر العربی والفارسی کانا ابتداءً ساحة صراعِ الأنساق اللغویة المذکرة والمؤنثة و تتحکّم الأنساق اللغویة المذکرة فی کلا الأدبین مدی خمسة عشر قرون تقریباً وفی هذه المرحلة الفحولیة، تکون لغة التأنیث حلقة مفقودة فی الشعر. و عندما ظهر عدد ضئیل من الشاعرات قلن شعراً مذکراً تحت هیمنة خطاب ذکوری کان سائداً فی الشعر. مع بدایة قرن العشرین و صلة الشرق بالغرب و تعرّف بمکاتبه الأدبیة وحریة العمل، توفّر خلفیة مناسبة لوعی المرأءة بمکانها وبالتالی مشارکتها أکثر فأکثر من قبل فی نشاطات الاجتماعیة والثقافیة. بسبب مشارکة المرأة فی شعر المعاصر و بالتالی غلبة الأنساق المؤنثة، تقلّل من فخامة لغة الشعریة وتتجه نحو الأنوثة و اللیونة و تکون أکثر انفعالا من قبل. تعدّ نازک الملائکة و فروغ فرخزاد من موسسی أنساق الثقافیة المؤنثة فی الشعر و عبّرتا واعیاً عن أحاسیسهم الأنثویة.

Keywords [العربیة]