Analepse Technique in the Poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni based on Gérard Genette's Theory (Comparative Study)

Poorheshmati, Hamed; Hoseini Ajdad, Ismail

doi:10.22126/jccl.2022.6570.2275

Analepse Technique in the Poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni based on Gérard Genette's Theory (Comparative Study)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Post-Doctoral Researcher at the National Elites Foundation, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran

² Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.

10.22126/jccl.2022.6570.2275

Abstract

According to Gérard Genette, analepse is one of the new techniques which is utilized for presenting the events of the narrative and anachronism that the poet uses to establish the relationship between events and characters with the past when the narrative revolves around a particular subject or stops. The analepse technique in contemporary narrative poetry, along with saving the narrative from monotony and linearity, assists the clarification of the depth for semantic changes in the narrative and the changes made in the psychological and social states of the characters. In their narrative poems, Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni avoid the linear system of time and ascribe great importance to the features of the past in numerous fields such as strengthening the context of some of the events and comprehensible moments of the narrative and clarifying the ambiguous angles in it. By means of a descriptive-analytical approach, based on the American school of comparative literature principles, the current study aims at implementing the impacts of analepse from the Gérard Genette’s perspective in the poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni. As the results have indicated, the analepse technique in the poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni is directly related to the intensity of pain and sorrow that these two poets faced in the past. Furthermore, it assists them to know the origins of the problem and offer similar conditions for it in the past. Analepse in Farouk Gouida's poetry, with its general, internal, and external types, has emerged to fill the semantic gaps and complete the shortcomings of the present. However, in Reza Baraheni's poetry, it occasionally tends to change the meaning of the event within a subject belonging to the narrative and is accompanied by the insistence on repeated returns.

Keywords

20.1001.1.26766515.1401.12.3.2.6

Main Subjects

الادب المقارن

Article Title [العربیة]

تکنیک پس‌نما در شعر فاروق جویده و رضا براهنی براساس نظریه ژرار ژنت (بررسی تطبیقی)

Abstract [العربیة]

پس‌نما نزد ژرار ژنت تکنیک جدیدی از تکنیک‎های ارائة رخدادهای روایت و نوعی زمان‎پریشی است که شاعر برای برقراری ارتباط میان رخ‎دادها و شخصیت‎ها با زمان گذشته در مواقعی که روایت پیرامون موضوع خاصّی گسترش می‎یابد، یا متوقف می‎شود، به آن روی می‌آورد. تکنیک پس‌نما در شعر روایی معاصر افزون بر نجات روایت از یکنواختی و خطّی‎بودن، به‎روشنی عمق تحوّلات معنایی روایت و تغییر حالت‌های روان‎شناختی و اجتماعی شخصیت‎ها کمک می‎کند. فاروق جویده و رضا براهنی در قصاید روایی خود، از نظام خطّی زمان خودداری می‌کنند و در زمنیه‌های مختلفی همچون تقویتِ بافت پاره‌ای از رخ‌دادها و لحظه‌های قابل درک روایت و روشن‌سازی زوایای مبهم در آن، به شاخصه‌های زمان گذشته اهمّیت بسیاری قائل می‌شوند. نوشتار پیش رو با استفاده از رویکرد توصیفی - تحلیلی، براساس اصول مکتب ادبیات تطبیقی آمریکا، می‎کوشد تا جلوه‎های پس‌نما را ازمنظر ژرار ژنت در شعر فاروق جویده و رضا براهنی اجرا نماید. خلاصة نتایج پژوهش نشان می‎دهد که تکنیک پس‌نما در شعر فاروق جویده و رضا براهنی با شدّت دردها و اندوه‎هایی که این دو شاعر در گذشته با آن روبه‎رو شدند، ارتباط مستقیمی دارد و به آن‎ها بسیار کمک می‎کند تا ریشه مشکلات را بشناسند و شرایط مشابهی برای آن در زمان گذشته ارائه دهند. پس‌نما در شعر فاروق جویده با انواع کلّی، درونی و بیرونی خود، برای پرکردن شکاف‎های معنایی و تکمیل کاستی‎های زمان حال می‌آید، ولی آن در شعر رضا براهنی گاهی به تغییر معنایی واقعه در لا‎به‎لای موضوعی متعلّق به روایت گرایش دارد و با اصرار بر بازگشت‎های مکرّر همراه است.

Keywords [العربیة]

زمان‎پریشی
پس‌نما
فاروق جویده
رضا براهنی
تطبیق

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