Iranian Practical Wisdom in Ibn Qutaybah’s ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

Practical wisdom is one of the highly attracted topics that the Persians cared about a very long time ago. It, comprising three types (correction of dispositions, management of household affairs, and politics), provided a clear picture of its precious experiences long ago which have been continuing for ages. These experiences and doctrine were handed down from one generation to another and have been the representation of a perfect lifestyle and have been trying to dispel the troubles and worrisome of people. One proof for this is the sermons and the stories that are left for next generations. This study tries to clarify the Persians image in other nations' writings and mainly attempts to investigate the impression of the Arabic texts about Persians in the Sasanid era. Furthermore, this study addresses the notion of practical wisdom and its use in everyday life as a visible treasure bequeathed from the history with which we are unable to get along. One of the works that is abundant with Persian stories and sermons is the book ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār of Ibn Qutaybah Al-dinawari in which he reflected the abundant use of practical wisdom among Persians during the Sasanid era. This current descriptive analytical study, therefore, tries to show the three types of practical wisdom in Persians in ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār by investigating the different and probably hidden sides of Persians' morals and their kings' behavior in that period. As the results indicated, the correction of dispositions and politics were more important and more used than the management of household topic. Among the Persian morals that Ibn Qutaybah mentioned is the secret keeping and the extinction of life, generosity, overtopping knowledge on money, etc. with respect to the management household, the friendship of brothers, recommending marriage within relatives, eating rules, and cleanliness as worthy to be mentioned. Additionally, there are many stories and pieces of advice that could impact the ruling and civil politics Also provided, are the suggestions which are referred to as the merits of the ruler and their big regard of choosing workers, controlling the war issues, and the matters in connection with the soldiers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

بازتاب حکمت عملی ایران باستان در کتاب عیون الأخبار اثر ابن قتیبه (با رویکرد تصویرشناسی)

Abstract [العربیة]

حکمت عملی به‌عنوان علمی که به رفتار ارادی انسان برای راهیابی به سعادت می‌پردازد، از دیرباز مورد توجّه ایرانیان بوده است. انواع سه‌گانة حکمت عملی یعنی تهذیب اخلاق، تدبیر منزل و سیاست مدن، تصویری گویا از تجربه‌های ارزشمند آن‌ها در طول سالیان متمادی است. این آموزه‌های راه‌گشا، از نسلی به نسل دیگر انتقال یافت تا همچون چراغی، روشنگر راه رسیدن به زندگی آرمانی باشد و به بهترین کارها رهنمون گردد. پندها و حکایت‌هایی که ایرانیان برای نسل‌های بعد به‌یادگار نهاده‌اند، نمایان‌گر این مهم است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تصویر ایرانیان در تألیفات اقوام دیگر به‌ویژه آثار عربی و جایگاه ایرانیان در زمان حکومت ساسانیان است تا حکمت عملی نزد ایرانیان شناسانده شود. کتاب عیون الأخبار نوشتۀ ابن قتیبه دینوری ازجمله تألیفات سرشار از حکمت‌های پارسی است که حکمت عملی را در دورة حکومت ساسانیان تصویر کرده است. در نوشتار پیش رو، انواع حکمت عملی با بررسی آداب و رسوم ایرانیان و پادشاهان آن‌ها در این دوره، با روشی تحلیلی بررسی می‌شود. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان‎دهندة این است که مبحث تهذیب اخلاق و سیاست مدن نسبت به تدبیر منزل اهمّیت بیشتری داشته است. از جمله اخلاقیاتی که ابن قتیبه از ایرانیان نقل کرده است، می‌‌توان به رازداری، زوال دنیا، بخشش و برتری علم بر ثروت اشاره کرد. آنچه از تدبیر منزل آورده است صداقت میان افراد خانواده، سفارش به ازدواج با خویشاوندان، آداب غذاخوردن و پاکیزگی است؛ همچنین به حکمت‎‌های زیادی اشاره شده است که دلالت بر اقتدار ایرانیان در ادارۀ امور سیاسی کشور دارد؛ ازجمله حکایت‌هایی در وصف خصوصیات پادشاهان، توجّه زیاد آن‌ها به انتخاب کارگزاران، تدابیر جنگی وآنچه به سربازان مرتبط است.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • تصویر ایرانیان
  • حکمت عملی
  • ابن قتیبه
  • کتاب عیون الأخبار

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Research in Comparative Literature
Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 47
September 2022
Pages 93-114

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