The Aesthetic Critic of the Poetic Language of Yousef-Al-Khaal & Hossain Monzavi’s Poems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran

2 PhD student, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

In the contemporary era, the language of poems is transformed from a tool of expression to a language for innovation with its idiosyncratic framework, and aims at clarifying the relationship of a poet with the surrounding world and her attitude concerning the phenomena. The language of poems comprises the words, their combinations, and literal figures of speech. Furthermore, with the aim of being in coordination with the contemporary conditions of the society, the language of the poems is transformed followed by the attempts the poets have made in revolving their language in this respect. Yousef-Al-Khal and Hossain Monzavi are among the poets of modernist poetry in Arabic and Persian, throughout the poems of whom, the modernity traits in different language are explicitly exposed. This article is an attempt to assess and compare the two poets’ languages of poetry aesthetically via conducting a descriptive-analytic methodology which addressed the most important elements in this respect. For instance; repetition in Al-Khala’s poems, in addition to creating a kind of rhythm, is utilized to focus upon the meanings, while Monzavi’s purpose is mostly creating rhythms than meaning purposes. Furthermore, Al-Khalal’s social commitment has led him to use the plural forms of speech. In contrast, Monzavi uses the single form to express his emotions. Assessing the textual implications, the close relation of the words implications and the forms of the text may be demonstrated in the poems of both. The visual irony in the Al-Khalal’s poems has caused the literal development and complexity, while this figure of speech has improved Monzavi’s poems aesthetically. Monzavi managed to combine various senses and then their implications are linked to abstract conceptions. One of the most outstanding specifications of Al-Khalal’s poetic language that makes him more prominent than Monzavi is the salience of the forms derived from icons which encompasses all elements of his poems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

نقد زیباشناسانه زبان شعری در شعر یوسف الخال و حسین منزوی

Abstract [العربیة]

در دوران معاصر زبان شعر از ابزاری برای بیان، به زبانی برای ابداع و نوآوری ارتقا یافت که دارای نظامی مشخّص است و ارتباط شاعر با دنیای اطراف و دیدگاه وی را نسبت به پدیده‎ها تبیین می‌سازد. زبان شعر واژگان، ترکیب‎ها و صور تشکیل‎دهندة شعر را شامل می‎شود و زبان شعر در دوران معاصر برای هماهنگی با شرایط جدید جامعه تغییر یافت و شاعران برای همراهی با اوضاع موجود در جامعه، به تحوّل در زبان شعرشان پرداختند. یوسف الخال و حسین منزوی به‎منزلة سرایندگان شعر نو در دو زبان عربی و فارسی به‎شمار می‎روند که نوگرایی در ساختارهای مختلف زبان شعرشان جلوه می‎نماید. نوشتار پیش رو در پی بررسی و تطبیق زیباشناسانه زبان شعر دو شاعر با بهره‎گیری از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی است که مهم‎ترین آن‎ها عبارت‎اند از: تکرار در شعر الخال افزون بر ایجاد موسیقی برای تأکید معنا به‎کار رفته و منزوی آن را بیش از مقاصد معنایی برای خلق موسیقی استفاده کرده است. التزام اجتماعی الخال سبب شده تا او ضمیر متکلّم را به‎صورت جمع به‌کار ببرد حال‎آنکه منزوی آن را به‎صورت مفرد و برای بیان عواطف خویش استفاده کرده است. با بررسی دلالت متنی ارتباط تنگاتنگ دلالت واژگان و صور متن در شعر دو شاعر آشکار می‎شود. آیرونی تصویری در شعر الخال منجر به توسعة زبانی و پیچیدگی شده، امّا این آرایه به شعر منزوی زیبایی بیشتر می‎بخشد. منزوی توانسته است حواس مختلف را درهم آمیزد و الخال آن را با مفاهیم انتزاعی پیوند می‎دهد، از ویژگی‎های برجسته زبان شعر الخال، فزونی صور برگرفته از اسطوره است که همه اجزای شعرش را دربر می‎گیرد و او در این زمینه برتر از منزوی است.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • ارتباط غیر کلامی
  • ایناس العباسی
  • منزل بورقیبه
  • ابراهیم حسن‌بیگی
  • شب ناسور

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