A Study of Jung's “Compensation Theory” in the Poetry of Ahmad Shamloo and Amal Denqal

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian language and literature, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian language and literature Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Iran

Abstract

Compensation theory, first proposed by Jung to create a counterbalance and mental-balance to eliminate feelings of psychological inferiority, is one of the existing self-defense mechanisms. As posed by this psychological theory, every individual may have backward or forgotten complexes in their subconscious mindset and undergo a certain change and attitude in the evolutionary process of their lives. In other words, the greater the force due to psychological complexes in human, the more his external activities and behaviors and psychological reactions would be. Accordingly, based on the "theory of compensation" and the study of literary work in this respect, a scientific-analytical connection can be established between the psychological complexes and social inferiority of contemporary poets with the function of psychological energy of mythical characters. This study, therefore, is an attempt to show the intensity of psychological performance of literary creators such as Ahmad Shamloo and Emel Denqal in a descriptive-analytical way. Precisely, this is to show their efforts to compensate for many psychological pressures and social complexes based on self-sacrifice and patriotism. As the results of this study revealed, these two poets have utilized the technique of Arabic mask or contentment and the powerful psychological energy of ancient myths so as to compensate and eliminate their psychological complexes in the turbulent society around them and, followed by that, began to create new and dynamic struggling myths. Finally, they have created new myths with dynamism and manifestations of militant and patriotic behavior, and their biological developmental process has promoted human progress and perfection.

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Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

دراسة تحلیلیة علی أساس «نظریة جبران» لیونغ فی شعر أحمد شاملو وأمل دنقل

Abstract [العربیة]

تُعدّ «نظریة جبران» کمحاولة دفاع طرحت لأول مرة من قبل یونغ للتکون موازنة المتبادلة و التوازن العقلی، للاستقرار النفسی لإزالة الشعور بالإزدراء. بناء على غرار هذه النظریة النفسیة؛ یمکن لکل شخص أن یحمل فی لاشعوره عقدة خلفیة أو منسیة، حیث تطارده فی مدى الحیاة، وتؤثر على أفکاره ونظرته بالکامل. کلما کثرت العقد النفسیة کلما تزداد ردود الفعل وتزید من الحالات النفسیة. وهکذا یمکن على أساس «نظریة جبران» ودراسة الأعمال الأدبیة أن نوثّق بصورة علمیة – تحلیلیة بین العقد النفسیة والإزدراء الإجتماعی لدى الشعراء المعاصرین وتکون مقارنة مع الشخصیات الأسطوریة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تبیین الحالات النفسیة ودورها لدى الشاعرین أحمد شاملو وأمل دنقل على أساس المنهج الوصفی- التحلیلی. یحاول الشاعران أن یبیّنا للتعویض عن العقد الإجتماعیة، عدة ثیمات، مثل التضحیة والوطنیة. توصّلت الدراسة إلى بعض النتائج بأن الشاعرین الحدیثین قد استعملا تقنیة القناع والأسطورة کطاقة نفسیة، لإزالة العقد النفسیة المنتشرة فی المجتمعات المتلاطمة، مع خلق أساطیر حدیثة مناضلة ووطنیة للوصول إلى الحیاة المنشودة والتکامل الإنسانی.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • «نظریة جبران» یونغ
  • الطاقة النفسیة
  • شخصیات أسطوریة
  • أحمد شاملو
  • أمل دنقل

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