Rustam`s Execution: The Study of the Process of Rostam's character shift in “Gharra al-Muluk” by Tha'alabi in Comparison with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Ph.D Candidate in Arabic Language and Literature, Visiting Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Ghilan, Ghilan, Iran

Abstract

Rostam's character is known as one of the most prominent characters in Iranian epic literature and has taken a unique place in epic texts of Persian literature, especially Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. However, this does not mean that the other literary work written in line with the reports of Iranian epic heroes have equally tried to elevate this epic character and his features. This negligence by many Arab-Islamic writers in the field of modern religion and culture is not considered as a strange phenomenon However, Shahnameh Tha'labi, written by a writer from Neishabour who lived in Khorasan, is referred to as the closest to the original text due to using common sources with Abolghasem Ferdowsi in compiling the epic history of Iran and the shared aspects such as letters, descriptions, and events, and has minimized this negligence. This text is, therefore, motivating and debatable. Thus, this study intends to criticize and evaluate the process of shifting the position of Rostam and the transformation of the slanderous character in the book Gharr al-Muluk Tha'alabi, and to criticize and adapt its causes and effects in comparison with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. According to the results of the article, by putting together the hypothesis of Rostam's re-creation in Shahnameh and the shared sources between Ferdowsi and Tha'alabi, factors such as the fundamental discrepancy between Ferdowsi's heroic description and the book of Sha'labi kings, his historical and religious approach, discourse and attitude between poet and historian by embodying epic superheroes have played a pivotal role in the transformation of this epic character in the provided arabic text. It should be noted that the methodology utilized in this research is a descriptive-analytical procedure based on the American school of comparative literature, which deals with Rostam's comparative personality in two works

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Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

إزالة رستم: دراسة عملیة التحول شخصیة تهمتن فی غرر الملوک للثعالبی مقارنة بالشاهنامه للفردوسی

Abstract [العربیة]

رستم کان من أبرز الشخصیات فی الأدب الملحمی الإیرانی وله مکانة خاصة ومتمیزة فی نصوص الأدب الفارسی الملحمیة خاصةً فی الشاهنامه للفردوسی؛ لکن هذا لا یعنی أن الأعمال الأخرى التی تمت کتابتها فی سیاق ذکر أعمال وأحداث أبطال الملاحم الإیرانیة حاولت فی تقدیس مکانة هذه الشخصیة العبقریة وتفخیمه. هذا الإهمال وعدم الاهتمام من قبل العدید من الکتاب العرب الإسلامیین الذین ازدهروا فی مجالات دینیة وثقافیة جدیدة لیس ظاهرة غریبة وعجیبة، لکن تحوله وإهماله فی کتاب غرر الملوک للثعالبی الذی یعتبرمن أقرب النصوص العربیة الإسلامیة إلی الشاهنامه وألّفه کاتب من نیشابور عاش فی خراسان واستفاد من مصادر مشترکة مع أبوالقاسم الفردوسی فی تجمیع التاریخ الملحمی لإیران ویشارکه فی العدید من الجوانب مثل الأسماء والأوصاف والأحداث یکون عجیباً ومستحقاً للبحث والنقاش. لذلک یهدف هذا البحث إلى نقد وتقییم عملیة تقلیل منزلة رستم وتحول شخصیة تهمتن فی کتاب غرر الملوک للثعالبی ومقارنة أسبابه ومظاهره مع الشاهنامه للفردوسی. قد تخلّصت النتیجة استناداً إلى فرضیة إعادة إنشاء رستم فی الشاهنامه واشتراک مصادر الفردوسی والثعالبی، وجدنا هناک عوامل مثل التناقض الأساسی بین أسلوب الفردوسی فی شرح الأبطال حینما یتوقف کتاب الثعالبی فی شرح الملوک غالباً، اتخاذ النهج التاریخی والدینی للثعالبی والتضاد الخطابی والفکری بین الشاعر والمؤرخ وإلخ تلعب الدور الهام فی تحول هذه الشخصیة الملحمیة فی النص الملحمی العربی. تجدر الإشارة إلى أن المنهج المستخدم فی هذا البحث هو الوصفی-التحلیلی یعتمد على المدرسة الأمریکیة للأدب المقارن.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • غرر الملوک
  • الشاهنامه
  • رستم
  • التحول
  • الأدب المقارن

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